/*
 * Copyright (c) 1993, David Greenman
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * $FreeBSD: src/sys/kern/kern_exec.c,v 1.107.2.15 2002/07/30 15:40:46 nectar Exp $
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/sysmsg.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/filedesc.h>
#include <sys/fcntl.h>
#include <sys/acct.h>
#include <sys/exec.h>
#include <sys/imgact.h>
#include <sys/imgact_elf.h>
#include <sys/kern_syscall.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/caps.h>
#include <sys/ktrace.h>
#include <sys/signalvar.h>
#include <sys/pioctl.h>
#include <sys/nlookup.h>
#include <sys/sysent.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>
#include <sys/vmmeter.h>
#include <sys/libkern.h>

#include <cpu/lwbuf.h>

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <vm/pmap.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h>
#include <vm/vm_object.h>
#include <vm/vnode_pager.h>
#include <vm/vm_pager.h>

#include <sys/reg.h>

#include <sys/objcache.h>
#include <sys/refcount.h>
#include <sys/thread2.h>
#include <vm/vm_page2.h>

MALLOC_DEFINE(M_PARGS, "proc-args", "Process arguments");
MALLOC_DEFINE(M_EXECARGS, "exec-args", "Exec arguments");

enum exec_path_segflg {
	PATH_SYSSPACE,
	PATH_USERSPACE,
};

static register_t *exec_copyout_strings(struct image_params *);
static int	exec_copyin_args(struct image_args *, char *,
				 enum exec_path_segflg, char **, char **);
static void	exec_free_args(struct image_args *);
static void	print_execve_args(struct image_args *args);

/* XXX This should be vm_size_t. */
__read_mostly static u_long ps_strings = PS_STRINGS;
SYSCTL_ULONG(_kern, KERN_PS_STRINGS, ps_strings, CTLFLAG_RD, &ps_strings, 0, "");

/* XXX This should be vm_size_t. */
__read_mostly static u_long usrstack = USRSTACK;
SYSCTL_ULONG(_kern, KERN_USRSTACK, usrstack, CTLFLAG_RD, &usrstack, 0, "");

__read_mostly u_long ps_arg_cache_limit = PAGE_SIZE / 16;
SYSCTL_LONG(_kern, OID_AUTO, ps_arg_cache_limit, CTLFLAG_RW,
    &ps_arg_cache_limit, 0, "");

__read_mostly int ps_argsopen = 1;
SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, ps_argsopen, CTLFLAG_RW, &ps_argsopen, 0, "");

__read_mostly static int ktrace_suid = 0;
SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, ktrace_suid, CTLFLAG_RW, &ktrace_suid, 0, "");

__read_mostly static int debug_execve_args = 0;
SYSCTL_INT(_kern, OID_AUTO, debug_execve_args, CTLFLAG_RW, &debug_execve_args,
    0, "");

/*
 * Exec arguments object cache
 */
__read_mostly static struct objcache *exec_objcache;

static
void
exec_objcache_init(void *arg __unused)
{
	int cluster_limit;
	size_t limsize;

	/*
	 * Maximum number of concurrent execs.  This can be limiting on
	 * systems with a lot of cpu cores but it also eats a significant
	 * amount of memory.
	 */
	cluster_limit = (ncpus < 16) ? 16 : ncpus;
	limsize = kmem_lim_size();
	if (limsize > 7 * 1024)
		cluster_limit *= 2;
	if (limsize > 15 * 1024)
		cluster_limit *= 2;

	exec_objcache = objcache_create_mbacked(
					M_EXECARGS, PATH_MAX + ARG_MAX,
					cluster_limit, 8,
					NULL, NULL, NULL);
}
SYSINIT(exec_objcache, SI_BOOT2_MACHDEP, SI_ORDER_ANY, exec_objcache_init, 0);

/*
 * stackgap_random specifies if the stackgap should have a random size added
 * to it.  It must be a power of 2.  If non-zero, the stack gap will be
 * calculated as: ALIGN(karc4random() & (stackgap_random - 1)).
 */
__read_mostly static int stackgap_random = 1024;

static int
sysctl_kern_stackgap(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
	int error, new_val;
	new_val = stackgap_random;
	error = sysctl_handle_int(oidp, &new_val, 0, req);
	if (error != 0 || req->newptr == NULL)
		return (error);
	if (new_val > 0 && ((new_val > 16 * PAGE_SIZE) || !powerof2(new_val)))
		return (EINVAL);
	stackgap_random = new_val;

	return(0);
}

SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, OID_AUTO, stackgap_random, CTLFLAG_RW|CTLTYPE_INT,
	0, 0, sysctl_kern_stackgap, "I",
	"Max random stack gap (power of 2), static gap if negative");

static void
print_execve_args(struct image_args *args)
{
	char *cp;
	int ndx;

	cp = args->begin_argv;
	for (ndx = 0; ndx < args->argc; ndx++) {
		kprintf("\targv[%d]: %s\n", ndx, cp);
		while (*cp++ != '\0');
	}
	for (ndx = 0; ndx < args->envc; ndx++) {
		kprintf("\tenvv[%d]: %s\n", ndx, cp);
		while (*cp++ != '\0');
	}
}

/*
 * Each of the items is a pointer to a `const struct execsw', hence the
 * double pointer here.
 */
__read_mostly static const struct execsw **execsw;

/*
 * Replace current vmspace with a new binary.
 * Returns 0 on success, > 0 on recoverable error (use as errno).
 * Returns -1 on lethal error which demands killing of the current
 * process!
 */
int
kern_execve(struct nlookupdata *nd, struct file *fp, char fileflags,
	    struct image_args *args)
{
	static const char *proctitle = "(execve)";
	register_t *stack_base;
	struct thread *td = curthread;
	struct lwp *lp = td->td_lwp;
	struct proc *p = td->td_proc;
	struct vnode *ovp;
	struct pargs *pa;
	struct sigacts *ops;
	struct sigacts *nps;
	struct image_params image_params, *imgp;
	struct filedesc *fds;
	struct nchandle *nch;
	struct nlookupdata nd_interpreter;
	struct vattr_lite lva;
	int error, len, i;
	int (*img_first) (struct image_params *);

	if (debug_execve_args) {
		kprintf("%s()\n", __func__);
		print_execve_args(args);
	}

	KKASSERT(p);
	lwkt_gettoken(&p->p_token);
	imgp = &image_params;

	/*
	 * NOTE: P_INEXEC is handled by exec_new_vmspace() now.  We make
	 * no modifications to the process at all until we get there.
	 *
	 * Note that multiple threads may be trying to exec at the same
	 * time.  exec_new_vmspace() handles that too.
	 */

	/*
	 * Initialize part of the common data
	 */
	imgp->proc = p;
	imgp->args = args;
	imgp->lvap = &lva;
	imgp->entry_addr = 0;
	imgp->resident = 0;
	imgp->vmspace_destroyed = 0;
	imgp->interpreted = 0;
	imgp->interpreter_name[0] = 0;
	imgp->auxargs = NULL;
	imgp->vp = NULL;
	imgp->firstpage = NULL;
	imgp->ps_strings = 0;
	imgp->execpath = imgp->freepath = NULL;
	imgp->execpathp = 0;
	imgp->image_header = NULL;

interpret:

	if (nd) {
		/*
		 * Translate the file name to a vnode.  Unlock the cache
		 * entry to improve parallelism for programs exec'd in
		 * parallel.
		 */
		nch = &nd->nl_nch;
		nd->nl_flags |= NLC_SHAREDLOCK;
		if ((error = nlookup(nd)) != 0)
			goto failed;

		error = cache_vget(nch, nd->nl_cred, LK_SHARED, &imgp->vp);
		KKASSERT(nd->nl_flags & NLC_NCPISLOCKED);
		nd->nl_flags &= ~NLC_NCPISLOCKED;
		cache_unlock(nch);
	} else {
		nch = &fp->f_nchandle;
		imgp->vp = fp->f_data;
		error = vget(imgp->vp, LK_SHARED);
	}
	if (error) {
		imgp->vp = NULL;
		goto failed;
	}

	/*
	 * Check file permissions (also 'opens' file).
	 * Include also the top level mount in the check.
	 */
	error = exec_check_permissions(imgp, nch->mount);
	if (error) {
		vn_unlock(imgp->vp);
		goto failed;
	}

	error = exec_map_first_page(imgp);
	vn_unlock(imgp->vp);
	if (error)
		goto failed;

	imgp->proc->p_osrel = 0;

	if (debug_execve_args && imgp->interpreted) {
		kprintf("    target is interpreted -- recursive pass\n");
		kprintf("    interpreter: %s\n", imgp->interpreter_name);
		print_execve_args(args);
	}

	/*
	 *	If the current process has a special image activator it
	 *	wants to try first, call it.  For example, emulating shell
	 *	scripts differently.
	 */
	error = -1;
	if ((img_first = imgp->proc->p_sysent->sv_imgact_try) != NULL)
		error = img_first(imgp);

	/*
	 *	If the vnode has a registered vmspace, exec the vmspace
	 */
	if (error == -1 && imgp->vp->v_resident)
		error = exec_resident_imgact(imgp);

	/*
	 *	Loop through the list of image activators, calling each one.
	 *	An activator returns -1 if there is no match, 0 on success,
	 *	and an error otherwise.
	 */
	for (i = 0; error == -1 && execsw[i]; ++i) {
		if (execsw[i]->ex_imgact == NULL ||
		    execsw[i]->ex_imgact == img_first) {
			continue;
		}
		error = (*execsw[i]->ex_imgact)(imgp);
	}

	if (error) {
		if (error == -1)
			error = ENOEXEC;
		goto failed;
	}

	/*
	 * Special interpreter operation, cleanup and loop up to try to
	 * activate the interpreter.
	 */
	if (imgp->interpreted) {
		exec_unmap_first_page(imgp);
		vrele(imgp->vp);
		imgp->vp = NULL;

		nd = &nd_interpreter;
		error = nlookup_init(nd, imgp->interpreter_name,
				     UIO_SYSSPACE, NLC_FOLLOW);
		if (error)
			goto failed;

		if (fp && (fileflags & UF_EXCLOSE)) {
			/*
			 * Fexecve'ing an interpreted file opened with
			 * O_CLOEXEC flag, return ENOENT.
			 */
			error = ENOENT;
			goto failed;
		}

		goto interpret;
	}

	/*
	 * Do the best to calculate the full path to the image file
	 */
	if (imgp->auxargs != NULL &&
	    ((args->fname != NULL && args->fname[0] == '/') ||
	     vn_fullpath(imgp->proc, imgp->vp, &imgp->execpath,
			 &imgp->freepath, 0) != 0))
	{
		imgp->execpath = args->fname;
	}

	/*
	 * Copy out strings (args and env) and initialize stack base
	 */
	stack_base = exec_copyout_strings(imgp);
	p->p_vmspace->vm_minsaddr = (char *)stack_base;

	/*
	 * If custom stack fixup routine present for this process
	 * let it do the stack setup.  If we are running a resident
	 * image there is no auxinfo or other image activator context
	 * so don't try to add fixups to the stack.
	 *
	 * Else stuff argument count as first item on stack
	 */
	if (p->p_sysent->sv_fixup && imgp->resident == 0)
		(*p->p_sysent->sv_fixup)(&stack_base, imgp);
	else
		suword64(--stack_base, imgp->args->argc);

	/*
	 * For security and other reasons, the file descriptor table cannot
	 * be shared after an exec.
	 */
	if (p->p_fd->fd_refcnt > 1) {
		if ((error = fdcopy(p, &fds)) != 0)
			goto failed;

		fdfree(p, fds);
	}

	/*
	 * For security and other reasons, signal handlers cannot
	 * be shared after an exec. The new proces gets a copy of the old
	 * handlers. In execsigs(), the new process will have its signals
	 * reset.
	 */
	ops = p->p_sigacts;
	if (ops->ps_refcnt > 1) {
		nps = kmalloc(sizeof(*nps), M_SUBPROC, M_WAITOK);
		bcopy(ops, nps, sizeof(*nps));
		refcount_init(&nps->ps_refcnt, 1);
		p->p_sigacts = nps;
		if (refcount_release(&ops->ps_refcnt)) {
			kfree(ops, M_SUBPROC);
			ops = NULL;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Clean up shared pages, the new program will allocate fresh
	 * copies as needed.  This is also for security purposes and
	 * to ensure (for example) that things like sys_lpmap->blockallsigs
	 * state is properly reset on exec.
	 */
	lwp_userunmap(lp);
	proc_userunmap(p);

	/*
	 * For security and other reasons virtual kernels cannot be
	 * inherited by an exec.  This also allows a virtual kernel
	 * to fork/exec unrelated applications.
	 */
	if (p->p_vkernel)
		vkernel_exit(p);

	/* Stop profiling */
	stopprofclock(p);

	/* close files on exec */
	fdcloseexec(p);

	/* reset caught signals */
	execsigs(p);

	/* name this process */
	if (nch->ncp) {
		len = min(nch->ncp->nc_nlen, MAXCOMLEN);
		bcopy(nch->ncp->nc_name, p->p_comm, len);
	} else {
		len = sizeof(proctitle) - 1;
		bcopy(proctitle, p->p_comm, len);
	}
	p->p_comm[len] = 0;
	bcopy(p->p_comm, lp->lwp_thread->td_comm, MAXCOMLEN+1);

	/*
	 * mark as execed, wakeup the process that vforked (if any) and tell
	 * it that it now has its own resources back
	 *
	 * We are using the P_PPWAIT as an interlock so an atomic op is
	 * necessary to synchronize with the parent's cpu.
	 */
	p->p_flags |= P_EXEC;
	if (p->p_pptr && (p->p_flags & P_PPWAIT)) {
		if (p->p_pptr->p_upmap)
			atomic_add_int(&p->p_pptr->p_upmap->invfork, -1);
		atomic_clear_int(&p->p_flags, P_PPWAIT);
		wakeup(p->p_pptr);
	}

	/*
	 * Implement image setuid/setgid.
	 *
	 * Don't honor setuid/setgid if the filesystem prohibits it or if
	 * the process is being traced.
	 */
	if ((((lva.va_mode & VSUID) && p->p_ucred->cr_uid != lva.va_uid) ||
	     ((lva.va_mode & VSGID) && p->p_ucred->cr_gid != lva.va_gid)) &&
	    (imgp->vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOSUID) == 0 &&
	    (p->p_flags & P_TRACED) == 0) {
		/*
		 * Turn off syscall tracing for set-id programs, except for
		 * root.  Record any set-id flags first to make sure that
		 * we do not regain any tracing during a possible block.
		 */
		setsugid();
		if (p->p_tracenode && ktrace_suid == 0 &&
		    caps_priv_check_td(td, SYSCAP_RESTRICTEDROOT) != 0)
		{
			ktrdestroy(&p->p_tracenode);
			p->p_traceflag = 0;
		}

		/* Clear any PROC_PDEATHSIG_CTL setting */
		p->p_deathsig = 0;

		/* Close any file descriptors 0..2 that reference procfs */
		setugidsafety(p);
		/* Make sure file descriptors 0..2 are in use. */
		error = fdcheckstd(lp);
		if (error != 0)
			goto failed;

		/*
		 * Set the new credentials.
		 */
		cratom_proc(p);
		if (lva.va_mode & VSUID)
			change_euid(lva.va_uid);
		if (lva.va_mode & VSGID)
			p->p_ucred->cr_gid = lva.va_gid;

		/* Clear local varsym variables */
		varsymset_clean(&p->p_varsymset);
	} else {
		if (p->p_ucred->cr_uid == p->p_ucred->cr_ruid &&
		    p->p_ucred->cr_gid == p->p_ucred->cr_rgid)
			p->p_flags &= ~P_SUGID;
	}

	/*
	 * Implement correct POSIX saved-id behavior.
	 */
	if (p->p_ucred->cr_svuid != p->p_ucred->cr_uid ||
	    p->p_ucred->cr_svgid != p->p_ucred->cr_gid) {
		cratom_proc(p);
		p->p_ucred->cr_svuid = p->p_ucred->cr_uid;
		p->p_ucred->cr_svgid = p->p_ucred->cr_gid;
	}

	/*
	 * Store the vp for use in procfs.  Be sure to keep p_textvp
	 * consistent if we block during the switch-over.
	 */
	ovp = p->p_textvp;
	vref(imgp->vp);			/* ref new vp */
	p->p_textvp = imgp->vp;
	if (ovp)			/* release old vp */
		vrele(ovp);

	/* Release old namecache handle to text file */
	if (p->p_textnch.ncp)
		cache_drop(&p->p_textnch);
	if (nch->mount)
		cache_copy(nch, &p->p_textnch);

	/*
	 * Adjust capabilities in ucred if necessasry
	 */
	caps_exec(p);

        /*
         * Notify others that we exec'd, and clear the P_INEXEC flag
         * as we're now a bona fide freshly-execed process.
         */
	KNOTE(&p->p_klist, NOTE_EXEC);
	p->p_flags &= ~P_INEXEC;
	if (p->p_stops)
		wakeup(&p->p_stype);

	/*
	 * If tracing the process, trap to debugger so breakpoints
	 * 	can be set before the program executes.
	 */
	STOPEVENT(p, S_EXEC, 0);

	if (p->p_flags & P_TRACED)
		ksignal(p, SIGTRAP);

	/* clear "fork but no exec" flag, as we _are_ execing */
	p->p_acflag &= ~AFORK;

	/* Set values passed into the program in registers. */
	exec_setregs(imgp->entry_addr, (u_long)(uintptr_t)stack_base,
		     imgp->ps_strings);

	/* Set the access time on the vnode */
	vn_mark_atime(imgp->vp, td);

	/*
	 * Free any previous argument cache
	 */
	pa = p->p_args;
	p->p_args = NULL;
	if (pa && refcount_release(&pa->ar_ref)) {
		kfree(pa, M_PARGS);
		pa = NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * Cache arguments if they fit inside our allowance
	 */
	i = imgp->args->begin_envv - imgp->args->begin_argv;
	if (sizeof(struct pargs) + i <= ps_arg_cache_limit) {
		pa = kmalloc(sizeof(struct pargs) + i, M_PARGS, M_WAITOK);
		refcount_init(&pa->ar_ref, 1);
		pa->ar_length = i;
		bcopy(imgp->args->begin_argv, pa->ar_args, i);
		KKASSERT(p->p_args == NULL);
		p->p_args = pa;
	}

failed:

	/*
	 * free various allocated resources
	 */
	if (imgp->firstpage)
		exec_unmap_first_page(imgp);
	if (imgp->vp)
		vrele(imgp->vp);
	if (imgp->freepath)
		kfree(imgp->freepath, M_TEMP);
	if (nd == &nd_interpreter)
		nlookup_done(nd);

	if (error == 0) {
		++mycpu->gd_cnt.v_exec;
		lwkt_reltoken(&p->p_token);
		return (0);
	}

	/*
	 * we're done here, clear P_INEXEC if we were the ones that
	 * set it.  Otherwise if vmspace_destroyed is still set we
	 * raced another thread and that thread is responsible for
	 * clearing it.
	 */
	if (imgp->vmspace_destroyed & 2) {
		p->p_flags &= ~P_INEXEC;
		if (p->p_stops)
			wakeup(&p->p_stype);
	}
	lwkt_reltoken(&p->p_token);
	if (imgp->vmspace_destroyed) {
		/*
		 * Sorry, no more process anymore. exit gracefully.
		 * However we can't die right here, because our
		 * caller might have to clean up, so indicate a
		 * lethal error by returning -1.
		 */
		return (-1);
	} else {
		return (error);
	}
}

/*
 * execve() system call.
 */
int
sys_execve(struct sysmsg *sysmsg, const struct execve_args *uap)
{
	struct nlookupdata nd;
	struct image_args args;
	int error;

	/*
	 * General exec ok?
	 */
	if (caps_priv_check_self(SYSCAP_NOEXEC | __SYSCAP_NOROOTTEST))
		return EACCES;

	/*
	 * Exec path
	 */
	bzero(&args, sizeof(args));

	error = nlookup_init(&nd, uap->fname, UIO_USERSPACE, NLC_FOLLOW);
	if (error == 0) {
		error = exec_copyin_args(&args, uap->fname, PATH_USERSPACE,
					 uap->argv, uap->envv);
	}
	if (error == 0)
		error = kern_execve(&nd, NULL, 0, &args);
	nlookup_done(&nd);
	exec_free_args(&args);

	if (error < 0) {
		/* We hit a lethal error condition.  Let's die now. */
		exit1(W_EXITCODE(0, SIGABRT));
		/* NOTREACHED */
	}

	/*
	 * The syscall result is returned in registers to the new program.
	 * Linux will register %edx as an atexit function and we must be
	 * sure to set it to 0.  XXX
	 */
	if (error == 0)
		sysmsg->sysmsg_result64 = 0;

	return (error);
}

/*
 * fexecve() system call.
 */
int
sys_fexecve(struct sysmsg *sysmsg, const struct fexecve_args *uap)
{
	struct image_args args;
	struct thread *td = curthread;
	struct file *fp;
	char fileflags;
	char fname[32]; /* "/dev/fd/xxx" */
	int error;

	/*
	 * General exec ok?
	 */
	if (caps_priv_check_self(SYSCAP_NOEXEC | __SYSCAP_NOROOTTEST))
		return EACCES;

	/*
	 * Exec descriptor
	 */
	if ((error = holdvnode2(td, uap->fd, &fp, &fileflags)) != 0)
		return (error);

	/*
	 * Require a descriptor opened only with O_RDONLY or O_EXEC.
	 * XXX: missing O_EXEC support
	 */
	if ((fp->f_flag & FWRITE) != 0 || (fp->f_flag & FREAD) == 0) {
		error = EBADF;
		goto done;
	}

	/*
	 * The 'fname' argument is required when executing an
	 * interpreted program because the interpreter must know
	 * the script path.  Supply it with '/dev/fd/xxx'.
	 */
	ksnprintf(fname, sizeof(fname), "/dev/fd/%d", uap->fd);
	bzero(&args, sizeof(args));
	error = exec_copyin_args(&args, fname, PATH_SYSSPACE,
				 uap->argv, uap->envv);
	if (error == 0)
		error = kern_execve(NULL, fp, fileflags, &args);
	exec_free_args(&args);

	if (error < 0) {
		/* We hit a lethal error condition.  Let's die now. */
		exit1(W_EXITCODE(0, SIGABRT));
		/* NOTREACHED */
	}

	/*
	 * The syscall result is returned in registers to the new program.
	 * Linux will register %edx as an atexit function and we must be
	 * sure to set it to 0.  XXX
	 */
	if (error == 0)
		sysmsg->sysmsg_result64 = 0;

done:
	fdrop(fp);
	return (error);
}

int
exec_map_page(struct image_params *imgp, vm_pindex_t pageno,
	      struct lwbuf **plwb, const char **pdata)
{
	int rv;
	vm_page_t ma;
	vm_page_t m;
	vm_object_t object;

	/*
	 * The file has to be mappable.
	 */
	if ((object = imgp->vp->v_object) == NULL)
		return (EIO);

	if (pageno >= object->size)
		return (EIO);

	/*
	 * Shortcut using shared locks, improve concurrent execs.
	 */
	vm_object_hold_shared(object);
	m = vm_page_lookup(object, pageno);
	if (m) {
		if ((m->valid & VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL) == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL) {
			vm_page_hold(m);
			vm_page_sleep_busy(m, FALSE, "execpg");
			if ((m->valid & VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL) == VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL &&
			    m->object == object && m->pindex == pageno) {
				vm_object_drop(object);
				goto done;
			}
			vm_page_unhold(m);
		}
	}
	vm_object_drop(object);

	/*
	 * Do it the hard way
	 */
	vm_object_hold(object);
	m = vm_page_grab(object, pageno, VM_ALLOC_NORMAL | VM_ALLOC_RETRY);
	while ((m->valid & VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL) != VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL) {
		ma = m;

		/*
		 * get_pages unbusies all the requested pages except the
		 * primary page (at index 0 in this case).  The primary
		 * page may have been wired during the pagein (e.g. by
		 * the buffer cache) so vnode_pager_freepage() must be
		 * used to properly release it.
		 */
		rv = vm_pager_get_page(object, pageno, &ma, 1);
		m = vm_page_lookup(object, pageno);

		if (rv != VM_PAGER_OK || m == NULL || m->valid == 0) {
			if (m) {
				vm_page_protect(m, VM_PROT_NONE);
				vnode_pager_freepage(m);
			}
			vm_object_drop(object);
			return EIO;
		}
	}
	vm_page_hold(m);
	vm_page_wakeup(m);	/* unbusy the page */
	vm_object_drop(object);

done:
	*plwb = lwbuf_alloc(m, *plwb);
	*pdata = (void *)lwbuf_kva(*plwb);

	return (0);
}

/*
 * Map the first page of an executable image.
 *
 * NOTE: If the mapping fails we have to NULL-out firstpage which may
 *	 still be pointing to our supplied lwp structure.
 */
int
exec_map_first_page(struct image_params *imgp)
{
	int err;

	if (imgp->firstpage)
		exec_unmap_first_page(imgp);

	imgp->firstpage = &imgp->firstpage_cache;
	err = exec_map_page(imgp, 0, &imgp->firstpage, &imgp->image_header);

	if (err) {
		imgp->firstpage = NULL;
		return err;
	}

	return 0;
}

void
exec_unmap_page(struct lwbuf *lwb)
{
	vm_page_t m;

	crit_enter();
	if (lwb != NULL) {
		m = lwbuf_page(lwb);
		lwbuf_free(lwb);
		vm_page_unhold(m);
	}
	crit_exit();
}

void
exec_unmap_first_page(struct image_params *imgp)
{
	exec_unmap_page(imgp->firstpage);
	imgp->firstpage = NULL;
	imgp->image_header = NULL;
}

/*
 * Destroy old address space, and allocate a new stack
 *	The new stack is only SGROWSIZ large because it is grown
 *	automatically in trap.c.
 *
 * This is the point of no return.
 */
int
exec_new_vmspace(struct image_params *imgp, struct vmspace *vmcopy)
{
	struct vmspace *vmspace = imgp->proc->p_vmspace;
	vm_offset_t stack_addr = USRSTACK - maxssiz;
	struct lwp *lp;
	struct proc *p;
	vm_map_t map;
	int error;

	/*
	 * Indicate that we cannot gracefully error out any more, kill
	 * any other threads present, and set P_INEXEC to indicate that
	 * we are now messing with the process structure proper.
	 *
	 * If killalllwps() races return an error which coupled with
	 * vmspace_destroyed will cause us to exit.  This is what we
	 * want since another thread is patiently waiting for us to exit
	 * in that case.
	 */
	lp = curthread->td_lwp;
	p = lp->lwp_proc;
	imgp->vmspace_destroyed = 1;

	if (curthread->td_proc->p_nthreads > 1) {
		error = killalllwps(1);
		if (error)
			return (error);
	}
	imgp->vmspace_destroyed |= 2;	/* we are responsible for P_INEXEC */
	p->p_flags |= P_INEXEC;

	/*
	 * Tell procfs to release its hold on the process.  It
	 * will return EAGAIN.
	 */
	if (p->p_stops)
		wakeup(&p->p_stype);

	/*
	 * After setting P_INEXEC wait for any remaining references to
	 * the process (p) to go away.
	 *
	 * In particular, a vfork/exec sequence will replace p->p_vmspace
	 * and we must interlock anyone trying to access the space (aka
	 * procfs or sys_process.c calling procfs_domem()).
	 *
	 * If P_PPWAIT is set the parent vfork()'d and has a PHOLD() on us.
	 */
	PSTALL(p, "exec1", ((p->p_flags & P_PPWAIT) ? 1 : 0));

	/*
	 * Blow away entire process VM, if address space not shared,
	 * otherwise, create a new VM space so that other threads are
	 * not disrupted.  If we are execing a resident vmspace we
	 * create a duplicate of it and remap the stack.
	 */
	map = &vmspace->vm_map;
	if (vmcopy) {
		vmspace_exec(imgp->proc, vmcopy);
		vmspace = imgp->proc->p_vmspace;
		pmap_remove_pages(vmspace_pmap(vmspace), stack_addr, USRSTACK);
		map = &vmspace->vm_map;
	} else if (vmspace_getrefs(vmspace) == 1) {
		shmexit(vmspace);
		pmap_remove_pages(vmspace_pmap(vmspace),
				  0, VM_MAX_USER_ADDRESS);
		vm_map_remove(map, 0, VM_MAX_USER_ADDRESS);
	} else {
		vmspace_exec(imgp->proc, NULL);
		vmspace = imgp->proc->p_vmspace;
		map = &vmspace->vm_map;
	}

	/*
	 * Really make sure lwp-specific and process-specific mappings
	 * are gone.
	 *
	 * Once we've done that, and because we are the only LWP left, with
	 * no TID-dependent mappings, we can reset the TID to 1 (the RB tree
	 * will remain consistent since it has only one entry).  This way
	 * the exec'd program gets a nice deterministic tid of 1.
	 */
	lwp_userunmap(lp);
	proc_userunmap(p);
	lp->lwp_tid = 1;
	p->p_lasttid = 1;

	/*
	 * Allocate a new stack, generally make the stack non-executable
	 * but allow the program to adjust that (the program may desire to
	 * use areas of the stack for executable code).
	 */
	error = vm_map_stack(&vmspace->vm_map, &stack_addr, (vm_size_t)maxssiz,
			     0,
			     VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE,
			     VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_WRITE|VM_PROT_EXECUTE,
			     0);
	if (error)
		return (error);

	/*
	 * vm_ssize and vm_maxsaddr are somewhat antiquated concepts in the
	 * VM_STACK case, but they are still used to monitor the size of the
	 * process stack so we can check the stack rlimit.
	 */
	vmspace->vm_ssize = sgrowsiz;		/* in bytes */
	vmspace->vm_maxsaddr = (char *)USRSTACK - maxssiz;

	return(0);
}

/*
 * Copy out argument and environment strings from the old process
 *	address space into the temporary string buffer.
 */
static int
exec_copyin_args(struct image_args *args, char *fname,
		 enum exec_path_segflg segflg, char **argv, char **envv)
{
	char	*argp, *envp;
	int	error = 0;
	size_t	length;

	args->buf = objcache_get(exec_objcache, M_WAITOK);
	if (args->buf == NULL)
		return (ENOMEM);

	args->begin_argv = args->buf;
	args->endp = args->begin_argv;
	args->space = ARG_MAX;

	args->fname = args->buf + ARG_MAX;

	/*
	 * Copy the file name.
	 */
	if (segflg == PATH_SYSSPACE)
		error = copystr(fname, args->fname, PATH_MAX, &length);
	else
		error = copyinstr(fname, args->fname, PATH_MAX, &length);
	if (error)
		return (error);

	/*
	 * Extract argument strings.  argv may not be NULL.  The argv
	 * array is terminated by a NULL entry.  We special-case the
	 * situation where argv[0] is NULL by passing { filename, NULL }
	 * to the new program to guarentee that the interpreter knows what
	 * file to open in case we exec an interpreted file.   Note that
	 * a NULL argv[0] terminates the argv[] array.
	 *
	 * XXX the special-casing of argv[0] is historical and needs to be
	 * revisited.
	 */
	if (argv == NULL)
		error = EFAULT;
	if (error == 0) {
		while ((argp = (caddr_t)(intptr_t)
			       fuword64((uintptr_t *)argv++)) != NULL) {
			if (argp == (caddr_t)-1) {
				error = EFAULT;
				break;
			}
			error = copyinstr(argp, args->endp,
					  args->space, &length);
			if (error) {
				if (error == ENAMETOOLONG)
					error = E2BIG;
				break;
			}
			args->space -= length;
			args->endp += length;
			args->argc++;
		}
		if (args->argc == 0 && error == 0) {
			length = strlen(args->fname) + 1;
			if (length > args->space) {
				error = E2BIG;
			} else {
				bcopy(args->fname, args->endp, length);
				args->space -= length;
				args->endp += length;
				args->argc++;
			}
		}
	}

	args->begin_envv = args->endp;

	/*
	 * extract environment strings.  envv may be NULL.
	 */
	if (envv && error == 0) {
		while ((envp = (caddr_t)(intptr_t)
			       fuword64((uintptr_t *)envv++))) {
			if (envp == (caddr_t) -1) {
				error = EFAULT;
				break;
			}
			error = copyinstr(envp, args->endp,
					  args->space, &length);
			if (error) {
				if (error == ENAMETOOLONG)
					error = E2BIG;
				break;
			}
			args->space -= length;
			args->endp += length;
			args->envc++;
		}
	}

	return (error);
}

static void
exec_free_args(struct image_args *args)
{
	if (args->buf) {
		objcache_put(exec_objcache, args->buf);
		args->buf = NULL;
	}
}

/*
 * Copy strings out to the new process address space, constructing
 * new arg and env vector tables. Return a pointer to the base
 * so that it can be used as the initial stack pointer.
 *
 * The format is, roughly:
 *
 *	[argv[]]			<-- vectp
 *	[envp[]]
 *	[ELF_Auxargs]
 *
 *	[args & env]			<-- destp
 *	[sgap]
 *	[SPARE_USRSPACE]
 *	[execpath]
 *	[szsigcode]   RO|NX
 *	[ps_strings]  RO|NX		Top of user stack
 *
 */
static register_t *
exec_copyout_strings(struct image_params *imgp)
{
	int argc, envc, sgap;
	int gap;
	int argsenvspace;
	char **vectp;
	char *stringp, *destp, *szsigbase;
	register_t *stack_base;
	struct ps_strings *arginfo;
	size_t execpath_len;
	int szsigcode;

	/*
	 * Calculate string base and vector table pointers.
	 * Also deal with signal trampoline code for this exec type.
	 */
	if (imgp->execpath != NULL && imgp->auxargs != NULL)
		execpath_len = strlen(imgp->execpath) + 1;
	else
		execpath_len = 0;
	arginfo = (struct ps_strings *)PS_STRINGS;
	szsigcode = *(imgp->proc->p_sysent->sv_szsigcode);

	argsenvspace = roundup((ARG_MAX - imgp->args->space), sizeof(char *));
	gap = stackgap_random;
	cpu_ccfence();
	if (gap != 0) {
		if (gap < 0)
			sgap = ALIGN(-gap);
		else
			sgap = ALIGN(karc4random() & (gap - 1));
	} else {
		sgap = 0;
	}

	/*
	 * Calculate destp, which points to [args & env] and above.
	 */
	szsigbase = (char *)(intptr_t)
		    trunc_page64((intptr_t)arginfo - szsigcode);
	szsigbase -= SZSIGCODE_EXTRA_BYTES;
	destp = szsigbase -
		roundup(execpath_len, sizeof(char *)) -
		SPARE_USRSPACE -
		sgap -
		argsenvspace;

	/*
	 * install sigcode
	 */
	if (szsigcode)
		copyout(imgp->proc->p_sysent->sv_sigcode, szsigbase, szsigcode);

	/*
	 * Copy the image path for the rtld
	 */
	if (execpath_len) {
		imgp->execpathp = (uintptr_t)szsigbase -
				  roundup(execpath_len, sizeof(char *));
		copyout(imgp->execpath, (void *)imgp->execpathp, execpath_len);
	}

	/*
	 * Calculate base for argv[], envp[], and ELF_Auxargs.
	 */
	vectp = (char **)destp - (AT_COUNT * 2);
	vectp -= imgp->args->argc + imgp->args->envc + 2;

	stack_base = (register_t *)vectp;

	stringp = imgp->args->begin_argv;
	argc = imgp->args->argc;
	envc = imgp->args->envc;

	/*
	 * Copy out strings - arguments and environment (at destp)
	 */
	copyout(stringp, destp, ARG_MAX - imgp->args->space);

	/*
	 * Fill in "ps_strings" struct for ps, w, etc.
	 */
	suword64((void *)&arginfo->ps_argvstr, (uint64_t)(intptr_t)vectp);
	suword32((void *)&arginfo->ps_nargvstr, argc);

	/*
	 * Fill in argument portion of vector table.
	 */
	for (; argc > 0; --argc) {
		suword64((void *)vectp++, (uintptr_t)destp);
		while (*stringp++ != 0)
			destp++;
		destp++;
	}

	/* a null vector table pointer separates the argp's from the envp's */
	suword64((void *)vectp++, 0);

	suword64((void *)&arginfo->ps_envstr, (uintptr_t)vectp);
	suword32((void *)&arginfo->ps_nenvstr, envc);

	/*
	 * Fill in environment portion of vector table.
	 */
	for (; envc > 0; --envc) {
		suword64((void *)vectp++, (uintptr_t)destp);
		while (*stringp++ != 0)
			destp++;
		destp++;
	}

	/* end of vector table is a null pointer */
	suword64((void *)vectp, 0);

	/*
	 * Make the signal trampoline executable and read-only.
	 */
	vm_map_protect(&imgp->proc->p_vmspace->vm_map,
		       (vm_offset_t)szsigbase,
		       (vm_offset_t)szsigbase + PAGE_SIZE,
		       VM_PROT_READ|VM_PROT_EXECUTE, FALSE);

	return (stack_base);
}

/*
 * Check permissions of file to execute.
 *	Return 0 for success or error code on failure.
 */
int
exec_check_permissions(struct image_params *imgp, struct mount *topmnt)
{
	struct proc *p = imgp->proc;
	struct vnode *vp = imgp->vp;
	struct vattr_lite *lvap = imgp->lvap;
	int error;

	/* Get file attributes */
	error = VOP_GETATTR_LITE(vp, lvap);
	if (error)
		return (error);

	/*
	 * 1) Check if file execution is disabled for the filesystem that this
	 *	file resides on.
	 * 2) Insure that at least one execute bit is on - otherwise root
	 *	will always succeed, and we don't want to happen unless the
	 *	file really is executable.
	 * 3) Insure that the file is a regular file.
	 */
	if ((vp->v_mount->mnt_flag & MNT_NOEXEC) ||
	    ((topmnt != NULL) && (topmnt->mnt_flag & MNT_NOEXEC)) ||
	    ((lvap->va_mode & 0111) == 0) ||
	    (lvap->va_type != VREG)) {
		return (EACCES);
	}

	/*
	 * Capability restrictions on suid or sgid exec?
	 */
	if ((lvap->va_mode & VSUID) && caps_priv_check_self(SYSCAP_NOEXEC_SUID | __SYSCAP_NOROOTTEST))
		return EACCES;
	if ((lvap->va_mode & VSGID) && caps_priv_check_self(SYSCAP_NOEXEC_SGID | __SYSCAP_NOROOTTEST))
		return EACCES;

	/*
	 * Zero length files can't be exec'd
	 */
	if (lvap->va_size == 0)
		return (ENOEXEC);

	/*
	 *  Check for execute permission to file based on current credentials.
	 */
	error = VOP_EACCESS(vp, VEXEC, p->p_ucred);
	if (error)
		return (error);

	/*
	 * Check number of open-for-writes on the file and deny execution
	 * if there are any.
	 */
	if (vp->v_writecount)
		return (ETXTBSY);

	/*
	 * Call filesystem specific open routine, which allows us to read,
	 * write, and mmap the file.  Without the VOP_OPEN we can only
	 * stat the file.
	 */
	error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, p->p_ucred, NULL);
	if (error)
		return (error);

	return (0);
}

/*
 * Exec handler registration
 */
int
exec_register(const struct execsw *execsw_arg)
{
	const struct execsw **es, **xs, **newexecsw;
	int count = 2;	/* New slot and trailing NULL */

	if (execsw)
		for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
			count++;
	newexecsw = kmalloc(count * sizeof(*es), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
	xs = newexecsw;
	if (execsw)
		for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
			*xs++ = *es;
	*xs++ = execsw_arg;
	*xs = NULL;
	if (execsw)
		kfree(execsw, M_TEMP);
	execsw = newexecsw;
	return 0;
}

int
exec_unregister(const struct execsw *execsw_arg)
{
	const struct execsw **es, **xs, **newexecsw;
	int count = 1;

	if (execsw == NULL)
		panic("unregister with no handlers left?");

	for (es = execsw; *es; es++) {
		if (*es == execsw_arg)
			break;
	}
	if (*es == NULL)
		return ENOENT;
	for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
		if (*es != execsw_arg)
			count++;
	newexecsw = kmalloc(count * sizeof(*es), M_TEMP, M_WAITOK);
	xs = newexecsw;
	for (es = execsw; *es; es++)
		if (*es != execsw_arg)
			*xs++ = *es;
	*xs = NULL;
	if (execsw)
		kfree(execsw, M_TEMP);
	execsw = newexecsw;
	return 0;
}