Guest environment (audit QEMU/KVM target, 2026-09-25): $ uname -a DragonFly dfbsd 6.5-DEVELOPMENT DragonFly 6.5-DEVELOPMENT #0: Thu Jul 2 06:02:54 UTC 2026 root@dfbsd:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/X86_64_GENERIC x86_64 $ pciconf -l hostb0@pci0:0:0:0: class=0x060000 card=0x11001af4 chip=0x12378086 rev=0x02 hdr=0x00 isab1@pci0:0:1:0: class=0x060100 card=0x11001af4 chip=0x70008086 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 atapci0@pci0:0:1:1: class=0x010180 card=0x11001af4 chip=0x70108086 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 none0@pci0:0:1:3: class=0x068000 card=0x11001af4 chip=0x71138086 rev=0x03 hdr=0x00 vgapci0@pci0:0:2:0: class=0x030000 card=0x11001af4 chip=0x11111234 rev=0x02 hdr=0x00 virtio_pci0@pci0:0:3:0: class=0x020000 card=0x00011af4 chip=0x10001af4 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 virtio_pci1@pci0:0:4:0: class=0x010000 card=0x00021af4 chip=0x10011af4 rev=0x00 hdr=0x00 -> NO CardBus (cbb) bridge present. The cardbus/cardbus-cis drivers are compiled into the kernel (kldstat -v excerpts): 16 isa/cbb 17 pci/cbb 18 cbb/cardbus 31 pccard/ata 73 cardbus/fwohci 78 cardbus/if_fxp 154 pccard/if_sn 165 pccard/wi 168 pccard/xe 189 cbb/pccard 190 pcic/pccard 198 cardbus/if_dc 202 cardbus/if_re 205 cardbus/if_rl 221 cardbus/if_vge 228 cardbus/if_xl 322 pccard/sio ...but with zero cbb parent devices there is no cardbus bus instance, so cardbus_attach_card / cardbus_detach_card cannot execute on this guest.