DF-4926 baseline (STOCK /boot/kernel/nvmm.ko): two independent race runs, identical crash site, both fatal (guest down; serial console excerpts). RUN 1 (driver: 40 unload/reload cycles against the unprivileged racer storming ~1.1M NVMM_IOC_CAPABILITY/s + ~20k machine create/destroy cycles/s as uid 1002 testnv, group nvmm): login: nvmm: attached, using backend x86-vmx <- ~40 loads nvmm: attached, using backend x86-vmx during the race ... FaStopped at nvmm_ioctl+0x444: movq 0x48(%rax),%rax db> (guest down; vm.sh status => down) RUN 2 (minimal: racer + the FIRST kldunload): login: nvmm: attached, using backend x86-vmx FaStopped at nvmm_ioctl+0x444: movq 0x48(%rax),%rax db> (guest down) Crash mechanics: nvmm_ioctl+0x444 loads a function pointer at offset 0x48 of %rax == nvmm_impl, which nvmm_fini() (nvmm.c:1005-1006) had just set to NULL while the device was still dispatching ioctls -- the unsynchronized nmachines check (nvmm_dragonfly.c:369) passed, nvmm_fini() ran (nvmm_dragonfly.c:372) and destroy_dev() only happened afterwards (nvmm_dragonfly.c:404). (The "Fatal trap 12" banner itself was truncated by the crashing console -- the 'Fa' fragment -- but the faulting RIP, instruction, and dead guest are recorded on the serial log; two runs, same PC.) PATCHED (fix.diff applied to guest /usr/src, module rebuilt, same race): 40/40 kldunload attempts -> EBUSY (rc=1), 0 successes, NO panic, ~36M capability ioctls + 684k machine cycles survived; after the racer died (fd closed), the final kldunload returned 0 and the module unloaded cleanly. Guest up throughout (race_driver_fixed.log, run_fixed_racer.log).