guest uname -a:
  DragonFly dfbsd 6.5-DEVELOPMENT DragonFly 6.5-DEVELOPMENT #0: Thu Jul  2 06:02:54 UTC 2026 root@dfbsd:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/X86_64_GENERIC x86_64

kernel: X86_64_GENERIC (DragonFly 6.5-DEVELOPMENT, built 2026-07-02)
kern.osreldate: 600519
hw.pagesize: 4096
hw.busdma.max_bpages: 1024
hw.busdma.total_bpages: 32

PCI inventory (7 functions): NO Ralink (0x1814) and NO HighPoint (0x1103) device present:
  # pciconf -lv | grep -iE "ralink|highpoint|vendor .0x1103"
  (no matches)

Driver modules shipped and loadable (one kldload away on real hardware):
  -r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel  392608 Jun 29 14:24 /boot/kernel/hptiop.ko
  -r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1593272 Jun 29 14:24 /boot/kernel/if_ral.ko
  kldstat -v lists pci/hptiop ids and pci/ral ids.

Conclusion: finding is hardware-gated on this audit guest; source-level analysis
is conclusive (see VERDICT.md). All reachability math (MCLBYTES=2048,
MAXPHYS=128*1024, MVIOP_QUEUE_LEN=512, HPT_SRB_MAX_REQ_SIZE=600) verified
against sys/ headers of this tree.