# VERDICT — DF-3740

**Status**: inconclusive (source-certain; harness-reproduced arithmetic; kernel path unreachable on this guest)
**reproduced**: 0 (in-kernel) — harness demonstration: YES
**Impact on real hardware**: High — CWE-787 / CWE-121 Out-of-bounds Write (stack)

## Finding
Source-certain kernel-stack overflow. radeon_atom_get_mclk_range_table() computes num_entries=(u8)((usModuleSize-32)/24) from the BIOS VRAM module's u16 usModuleSize and copies num_entries BIOS u32s into mclk[MAX_AC_TIMING_ENTRIES=16] (radeon_mode.h:637-649) with NO bound between the u8 count (up to 255 after truncation) and the 16-slot array. The ONLY caller (cypress_dpm.c:1075-1089, cypress_get_memory_clock_range_table) passes a stack local 'struct atom_memory_clock_range_table range_table = {0}' — so up to 239 BIOS-chosen u32s (956 B) are written past a 68-byte stack object (return address / caller frame). Harness on guest: usModuleSize=0xFFF0 -> num_entries=168 -> 152 OOB u32 writes (608 B past struct end). A truncation underflow (usModuleSize < 32) yields arbitrary num_entries as well. Downstream cypress_retrieve_ac_timing_for_all_ranges() also READS mclk[i] for i<num_entries (OOB stack reads). Not executable in-kernel on this guest (no AMD GPU).

## Why not reproduced in-kernel
The QEMU guest is virtio-only (no AMD GPU): `pciconf -l` shows no 1002 device;
`kldstat` shows radeon not loaded. `/boot/kernel/radeon.ko` exists (the vulnerable code ships in
the default install) but cannot attach, so radeon_atombios.c parse paths never execute here.
All conclusions are source-level (path:line above) plus the on-guest harness (harness_mclk.c).

## Harness result
Command: ./run.sh (after ./build.sh); optional: ./mclk_bin stack (performs the overflow on the harness frame)
Expected/observed: num_entries=168 vs mclk[16]; 152 OOB u32 writes (608 bytes) of VBIOS-chosen data; exit_code=0
Full logs: build.log, run.log, run.stack.log.

## Impact / exploit chain
crafted VRAM_Info table (frev1/crev4) with usModuleSize=0xFFF0 on a Cypress/Juniper GPU -> 168-entry fill into 16-slot stack array at DPM init -> overwrites caller frame with BIOS u32s -> crash/controlled-stack-corruption (BIOS-gated privesc-grade primitive)

## Fix
reject/clamp num_entries to MAX_AC_TIMING_ENTRIES — fix.diff.

## Honest notes
- DF-3740 does NOT re-report pass-1 findings DF-1198/1199/1200 (power-table state_index mismatch,
  asic_ss_info underflow, power-table indices) — different functions/tables/fields.
- fix validation not possible on this guest (no hardware); fix.diff is source-authored only.

## Fix status (batch validation)
Applied with the 36 sibling fix.diffs of this batch in findings/poc/_batch41/all_fixes.patch; single in-guest `make -j6 nativekernel KERNCONF=X86_64_GENERIC` completed RC=0 with zero errors under -Werror (full log: findings/poc/_batch41/fix_build8.log). Behavior A/B intentionally skipped for this Info-tier item.