{
  "finding_id": "DF-2478",
  "verdict": "reproduced",
  "impact": "denial_of_service",
  "reproduce": {
    "build": "sh build.sh (guest, root, /usr/src required)",
    "run": "kldload md (built-in); ./md_grow 3; ls /dev/md*; su -m operator_user -c dd if=/dev/md0 ...",
    "expected": "run.log: /dev/md1 auto-created by opening /dev/md0; operator-group dd: Operation not permitted (EPERM) x3; root dd: 1+0 records in/out."
  },
  "kernel_refs": [
    "sys/dev/disk/md/md.c:135",
    "sys/dev/disk/md/md.c:136",
    "sys/dev/disk/md/md.c:410",
    "sys/kern/subr_disk.c:1070"
  ],
  "artifacts": [
    "README.md",
    "VERDICT.md",
    "build.sh",
    "run.log",
    "env.txt",
    "fix.diff",
    "manifest.json",
    "verdict.json"
  ]
}