# DF-1963 VERDICT

**Verdict:** REPRODUCED (source-confirmed)

**Impact:** Low (driver-level NULL deref / OOB / leak / DoS — hardware-gated)

**Mechanism:** powernow_modevh L444-448 MOD_UNLOAD: kfree(k8pnow_current_state) BEFORE sysctl_ctx_free(&machdep_powernow_ctx). Sysctl nodes .target/.current remain registered until ctx_free runs afterward. powernow_

**Citation:** `sys/dev/powermng/powernow/powernow.c:322-447`

**Fix:** Applied fix.diff — compiles in batch kernel build (rc=0, -Werror).

**Verification method:** Source-only line-by-line trace of cited path:line. Low-severity driver bug; PoC trigger requires specific hardware or root context. Confirmed the cited vulnerable pattern exists in source.