-> pid @ 1320 == attacker sets map->total_disks = 255 == loop writes raid->disks[0..254]; valid range is [0..15] OOB entries written past disks[15]: 239 OOB bytes written past disks[15]: 11472 (=239 * 48) of which INSIDE ar_softc struct : 448 bytes (clobbers toggle/rebuild_lba/lock/disk/devstat/cdev/pid) of which PAST the struct boundary: 11024 bytes (into adjacent kernel heap) first OOB write lands at struct offset 880 == ar_softc.toggle (then rebuild_lba, lock, disk, devstat, cdev, pid, then heap) Per OOB entry, attacker-controlled bytes: serial[16] (16) + sectors (8) = 24 of 48 bytes attacker-shaped; dev/last_lba/flags also written (NULL/0/0 by the loop) RESULT: OOB heap write CONFIRMED — 11472 bytes past disks[15] for total_disks=255