# DF-0174 — Integer overflow in ncallout via unbounded kern.maxfiles

**Verdict:** REPRODUCED (source-only confirmation, Low severity)
**Impact:** none / defense-in-depth / latent (see below)
**Confidence:** certain
**Guest:** DragonFly dfbsd 6.5-DEVELOPMENT DragonFly 6.5-DEVELOPMENT #0: Thu Jul  2 06:02:54 UTC 2026     root@dfbsd:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/X86_64_GENERIC  x86_64

## Mechanism (source-traced)

CONFIRMED by source trace. maxfiles fetched with lower clamp only(>=128, :283). ncallout=16+maxproc+maxfiles(all int)(:327) can overflow near INT_MAX → small/negative bypassing the 5*60*hz cap(:328). Loader-only; subject to kern.ncallout override.

## Kernel references (confirmed)
- `sys/kern/subr_param.c:282`
- `sys/kern/subr_param.c:327`
- `sys/kern/subr_param.c:328`

## Fix

Upper-bound maxfiles so ncallout cannot overflow a signed int. Supersedes finding proposal.

The standalone git-apply-able diff is in `fix.diff`.

## Build validation

`fix.diff` was one of **50** diffs applied to a single combined
`make -j6 nativekernel KERNCONF=X86_64_GENERIC` build on the audit guest
(6.5-DEVELOPMENT #0, INVARIANTS ON). The combined build completed
**rc=0, 0 errors, 0 warnings** under `-Werror`, confirming this fix (and all
49 others) compile cleanly together.

- Combined build log (35649 lines): `findings/poc/DF-0174/../../_combined_build.log` (reference; full log at audit time).
- Combined kernel.stripped sha256: `9337c4e114e3a91edc02fee6d9eff48799b3c0926c1151d642b4573cb7911000`
- Build completed: 2026-07-22T22:33:21Z