DF-0021 — panic signature from the first exploratory run (krealloc to 4 GiB). This panic is NOT the signed-shift bug itself — it is the per-type ks_limit check at kern_slaballoc.c:877 firing because the M_POC type had already used 2 GiB and the 4 GiB krealloc request exceeded the limit. It is included here as context for why the PoC was revised to use alloc+free instead of krealloc. From dfbsd-qemu/boot.log (first run, before PoC revision): --- poc: got 2 GiB @ 0xfffff80118940000; now krealloc to 4 GiB panic: poc_shift: malloc limit exceeded cpuid = 0 Trace beginning at frame 0xfffff801187ab718 _kmalloc() at _kmalloc+0xb09 0xffffffff806578c9 _kmalloc() at _kmalloc+0xb09 0xffffffff806578c9 krealloc() at krealloc+0x80 0xffffffff806587c0 poc_modev() at poc_modev+0x66 0xffffffff82600066 module_register_init() at module_register_init+0x49 0xffffffff806232e9 linker_load_file.part.3() at linker_load_file.part.3+0x1b9 0xffffffff80624619 Debugger("panic") Stopped at Debugger+0x7c: movb $0,0xbdaf09(%rip) db> --- This ks_limit panic prevented reaching the line-1202 overflow. The revised PoC exercises lines 1261 and 1432 directly via alloc + kmalloc_usable_size + free.